Oil burner



Aug.6,1929. c. o. BECH 1,723,759

. oIL BURNER original Filed May 15, 1925 s sneetsfsheet 2 vwentoz c. o. BE'cH -oIL suman original Filed may 15, 1925 "ZI-jr.

Patentedv Aug. 6l, 1929. l

[CHARLES o.BEcH,v oE NEW EocnELLE, NEW Yoan.

OIL' BURNER.

Application filed May 15, 1925,.Serial No. 30,419. `Renewed May 24, 1928.

This invent-ion relates to burners and more particularly to fuel oily burners adapted for domestic use.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a fuel oil burner which is particularly adapted for domestic use and which is automatically controlled, thereby relieving the user from the almost constant care and atte tion that so many of the burners now on t e market require.`

Another object of the inventionis ,to provide `a burner having safety features by means of which the supply-cof fuel to the burner is automatically eut-oil inthe event i that the pilot light which is intended to burn continuously is blown out by a draft or. otherl wise, and to keep the fuel supply cut off until the user or operatorhas relighted the pilot,

and in the meantime has had a chance to examine the burner for other possible defects.

Still another object of the invention is to .provide a domestic burner capable of a comfact that the'fuel, regardless of its character can be readily atomized. In the eventthat a very heavyl oilis to be'used, steam may be substituted for air as an atoinizingagent in,

which case the heat from the steam aids furl ther atomization., l d L ff" A still further object is to providea domestic burner which may be adjstably mounted so that the burner maybe easily moved from or into position in front of the furnace whenever it'becomes necessary or desirable to clean or inspect either the burner.` or the furnace.l Provislon 1s made so the burner can be moved into or'out of operative position Without actually detaching the burner, or any of'its'connections. l

' vTo certain features and phases of my invention not herein claimed, claims are made in my copending application, Serial No. 283,481, filed J une 7, 1928, which application is a division of the present application.

Other objects,V features, and advantages will appear as the 4descr l tion proceeds.

Fig. 1 is a view in elevation of a burner and its mountings designed and constructed in accordance with t-he present invention.

Fig. 2 is a view` of a vertical section taken on lthe line 2 2 of Fig. 3, a portion of the apparatus having been broken away.

,i Fig. 3 is a View in elevation, partially in section, taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional View taken on the line 44 of Fig. 1. i i

Fig. 5 isa view of a horizontal view taken on the line 5"-5 of Fig. 3, a portion of the apparatus having beenbroken away, and

Fig; 6 is a view of a vertical section taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 4.

Referring to the drawings, 10V represents an oil supply pipe leading to a suitable source of oil supply from which oil is `pumped to the burner under a predetermined and variable pressure. 11 represents' an air supplypipe which` likewise leads to a 4suitable source of air and from which air is pumped to the burner as required. Gas is continuously supopening or port 17 which connects with an independent and separate longitudinal bore 18 which extends from the port 17 to one end of the pipe section 14. It is understood that the bores 15 and 18 extendthrough only a portion of the pipe section, 18 terminating at one end of the section and 15" extending almost to the opposite end, the two bores being separated at their inner extremities `by the wall 19. i i The end of the pipe section 14 through which the bore 18 extends is provided with an annular liange 20 and a depending annular shoulder 21, the upper surface of the annular flange being inclined as at 22. The .flange 20 and shoulder 21 areadapted'to engage an annular shoulder 23 formed near-one end of iption of the invenplied through a pipe 12 for maintaining a restin a T coupling 24, which coupling'is provided with circular ports and 26 in its ends and another port 27 intermediate its ends. The

shoulder 21 fits into the port 25 and engages the inner face of the shoulder 23 whilethe flange 20 rests upon the upper'face of the Ashoulder 23. The T coupling is providedlat both end's with annular threaded shoulders 28 and 29 of reduced athickness' so that when space 1s provided between the'pipe section 14 and shoulder 28. Packingmaterial 30 and a packing gland v31 are placed in this space and a hexagonal securin nut 32 is screwed onto the threaded shoul er 28 thus securing the packing 30 and gland 31 in operating position and forming a swivel connection between the pipe'section 14 and the T coupling 24. l

The T coupling 24 is formed with a second annular shoulder 33 which constitutes a seat for an annular `'washer' 34; A pipe section which is formed at onel end with an annular'flanged portion 36 is seated with its flange uponthe. washer `34 so that the main section of the pipe extendslintov the chamber in the T cou llng 24 between the two shoulders 23 an 33. An externally threaded locking rin 37 is screwed into the end of the T 'couplm 24 so asto hold the pipe section 35 secure y in position, the locking rin lockin ring 37 is provided with a number o key holes 38 into which a spanner Wrench can be-secured for tighteningup the rinV against the washer.

nother pi e section 39 which is in the form of an ely ow is formed and adapted to be rotatably mounted within one end of the Tcouplin 24. For this purpose the pipe section is orrned at one end with an annular shoulder 40 which is adapted to engage', the inner face of the lockin ring 37, -and ,with an annular flange 41`wh1ch is adapted to be seated upon the lower face of the lockin ring 37 The flange 41 is bevelled as at 42 so as to provide an annular space between the main section of the pipe section and the vthreaded shoulder 29. Packing material 43 isinserted in this space and a packing gland 44 is rovided for compressing the packing Vmaterial tightly into the space. A securlng nut 45 which is formed with a centrally disposed opening to permit its being slipped on over one end of the pipe section 39 is screwed onto the threaded shoulder 29 to lock the packing gland 44 in eiective position. lThe opposite end of the pipe section 39 is internally threaded and is adapted to receive the threaded end of the oil supply pipe 10. It will be noticed that thepipe sections 14 and 89 are so mounted as topermit the T coupling 24 and those parts which are rigidly secured` thereto to freely rotate while the pipe sections 14 and 39 remain stationary. There is no rigid connection between the T coupling 24 and the pipe sections 14 and 39 so that the T coupling is free to rotate, the shoulders 23 and the locking ring 37 and the lianges 20 and 41 respectively, have contacting faces which constitute bearing surfaces and insure they free movement of. the coupling 24 with respect to the fixed pipe sections.

As has already been pointed out the T coupling 24 is provided intermediate its ends wit the opening or port 27. Into this port 27 which is internally threaded is screwed one end of a horizontally disposed air pipe 46 so that the pipe is in open communication with the interior of the T coupling 24 which in turn communicates with the source of air supply through the bore 18 of the pipe section 14 and the air supply pipe 11. The pipe 46 may be of any desired length. The opposite end of the pipe 46 is externally threaded and is screwed into an opening or port 47 in a burner casing 48.

.The burner casing 48 is a chambered member and is formed at one end with a tubular extension or throat49 of smaller diameter than the body of the casing The casing is formed with a horizontally disposed oil delivery tube 50 open at both ends and with one end extending through and somewhat be, yond the end of the throat 49. The opposite g end of the oil delivery tube is of somewhat 37 engaglng a lface of the flange 36. 'Bhe' greater diameter than the rest of the tube in order to provide a filter chamber 51. A tubular or cylindrical shaped lilter 52 is positioned within the filter chamber 51 and is maintainedthcrein by means of a threaded fitting 53 which is screwed into the open end ofthe deliver tube 50 which is, in fact, a port in the wall o the burner casing 48. 'lhe end of the delivery tube which extends beyond the end of the throat 49 is formed with an annular flange 54 threaded on its periphery and formed wlth a plurality of air ports 55. A tapered oil nozzle 56 having a centrally disg posed orifice 57 is mounted in the end of the delivery tube 50.

Oil nozzles such as 56 having orifices of different sizes are provided so that hy a substitution of nozzles the flow of oil through the burner may be easily controlled. The nozzles are each formed with a threaded boss through which the orifice 57 extends and by ,means of which the nozzle is screwed into the end of the oilv delivery tubeA 50. The flat base of the nozzle 57 is adapted to be seated tightly upon the end of the oil delivery tube 50,thus preventing leakage of oil around the nozzle. The periphery of the nozzle is polygonal so that a wrench or other tool can easily be applied to screw the nozzle tightly in position.

A control nozzle 59 in the form of a tubular member is provided intermediate its ends with an internally threaded portion adapted `for engagement with the threadedannular of the nozzle overlaps and fits snugly over the end of the throat 49- and this end is some what enlarged and'is provided'with an internally threaded annular groove in which packing material is placed, and an annular packing gland 61 is screwedinto the end of the nozzle to force the packing in to effec-l tive position thus forming a tight seal between the nozzle 59 and thefthroat 49. When the packing gland 61 is screwed into position the packing material 60 forms such a tight seal that the control nozzle 59 is held firmly in osition against inadvertent change of acl-- justmen't. The packing gland'l and the enlarged er1-d of the nozzle 59 are so formed that a wrench can readily be applied for turning them as may be necessary.

The other or outer end of the controlnozzle 59 is formed With an internal annular flange 62 cast inte ral with the nozzle, the central hole 63, in te flange acting as an adjustable orifice to .regulate the air supply.V In operation the/control nozzle 59 is so adjusted that the tapered face of the oil nozzle 56 partially projects through the central opening 63 in the flange 62 whereby air flowing through the orifice 63 is caused 4to converge on the central stream of oil discharged through orifice 57` and thus brings about the desired atomization. At a oint interemdiate the inner and 35' outer lerip eries of the, flange' 62 there is forme Vorprovidedan annular groove or recess 64 and a pluralit of' lonfritudin'al air.v

ports 65 which extend t rough tlie flangey and connect the groove v64 withthe interior section .of the control nozzle. lThus it will be seen that air entering the burner casing 48 from air.,

. pipe 46 passes around the oil delivery tube 50 and through the throat 49, then passesv through ports 55 and divides, a portion of the air passing-through the adjustable yorifice '63 formed between the tapered face ofl the oil nozzle 56 and the edge ofthe annular Harige 62, the other stream assing out through the plurality of longitu inal ports 65 in the annular. flange and 4flovvi through the groove 64 on the exterior face o the flaiige.

A chambered member 66 formed with an 51.` Upon entering thefilter-chamber 5l the'v oil passes through Athe filter 52, thenv through` amiularfflange 67 is inserted in the internally 'threaded outerend of the control nozzle9.

At a

int intermediate the inner and outer periplligries ofthe flange 6'( there is formed or provided an annular groove, or recess 68 and fa plurality of lon 'tudinal air ports 69 which extend throught elfiange, the groove 68 and e yports 69 corresponding generally with .the

' groove 64 and portsf65'inthejflange'62 so that yair passing' through the-ports '.65 may pass directly through tl'leflange (iT-tothe-uter face of the iange. The 'ofthe Vvehambered member is externally tapered Vasiat 7 0 and isA which projects through the flat top thus v forming the cent-ralf orifice 7l with a knifelike edge. j j

An externally threaded ring 73 is adapted to be screwed into the outer end ofthe con-v trol nozzle 59 and is formed internally with outwardly converging channels 74 so constructed as to form an outlet Abetween it and the tapered exterior portion of the chambered member 66, the narrowest part of the outlet, due to a difference in the degree of angle forming the tapers, being provided at the outer end. By reason of this particular c011- struction my burner can be eiiiciently run at al relativelylowpressure, thus eliminating much of the noise usually caused by combusof air for atolnization. 4If because of the low pressure employed there. is any tendency for oilto drip, the'conical shaped sheet like film of air passing out through the outcr orifice will pick up such oil and carry it along to the fire and provide further and more complete atomization. It will also greatly increase the quantity of. air carried' into the fire for combustion because of its considerably larger surface area, Which'through frictional contact with the atmosphere, entrains with it- `much additional air.l

Oil' is supplied .to the filter chamber 5l i through a pipe 76 which at one end vis in open communicationV with the filter chamber. The

' pipe 76e1itend's through the air pipe 46 and into the chambered portion ofthe T coupling 24. There the end'of the pipe is connected by means4 of'a curved pipe section 7 7 with the pipe section 35 so that an open Vliuc of communication is formed between the source ofy oilsupply (not shown) and the filter chamber the oil delivery tube 50, and `finally out through the oil nozzle 56 into the atomizing chamber, where it mixes witlrthe -air in the ,manner already described. j

Attached to the bottom of theburner cas` v j V- c ing 48 1s a gaspilot control umt which cony sists of a chambered housing 78 having therein two chambers 79 and 80 vseparated by ay w'all .81 in which there is a centrally disposedv annular and internally threaded holey or open .ing 82. A threaded plug 83 is screwed 'into the hole or opening 82.1 The plug83 is cored out in one face as at 84 and a plurality of lateral ports 85 extend through the plug from the cored out portion to the opposite face.

The edge of the core i's bevelledas at 86 and yforms a seat for a tapered valve 87. The

valve is 'secured on one end of a valve stem 88 which extends through the plugy83 land is `threaded at its opposite end to receive an or in other words the portion of the burner casing normally-filled with air. A spring seat 91 is secured to the valve stem 88 at a point intermediate its ends and constitutes a stop for one end of a coil spring 92, the opposite end of which is seated upon the plug 83. The plug 83, valve 87, stem 88, spring 92, and spring seat 91 constitute a single unit assembly, removable at will. When in operative position the coil spring 92 exerts sufficient force against the spring seat 91 to normally hold the valve 87 in closedposition upon the Valve seat 86. An adjustable set screw 93 extends through the bottom of the housing 78 and the end of the screw acts as a stop limiting the downward motion of the valve 87 as will hereinafter, be more full explained.

The housing 78 is formed with an exter- 'nally threaded boss 94 which is provided with a longitudinal orifice or opening 95 which ex? tends through the housing and communicates withthe ehambered portion 79 thereof. The elongated tubular pilot 13 which is internally threaded at one end is screwed onto the4 threaded boss 94 and rovides a device for furnishing a.Bunsen ame to the pilot. .Near the threaded end of the member 13' air ports 96 are provided. The housing 78 is likewise rovided with an internally threaded boss 917, the interior ofwhich is in open communication with the chamber 80 through an orifice or opening 98. An elongated tubular member 99, somewhat longer than the member 13 and which is externally threaded at both ends is screwed into the internally threaded boss 97, its opposite end projecting somewhat beyond the free end of the member 13. A cap 100 is screwed on the free end of ythe tubular member 99 and is provided with an inclined gas outlet port 101. The cap 100 is screwed into position so that when gas escapes through the outlet port 101 the stream of gas will communicate with the Bunsen flame and the column of flame will then pass upwardly past the nozzle 66 thereby igniting the atomized fuel escaping from the burner. Threaded ports or openings 102 and 103 extend through the wall of the housing 78 and intersect the threaded openings 95 and 98. Screws 104 and 105 are screwed into the threaded openings 102 and 103 respec. tively and serve as means for controlling the passage of gas through the ports 95 and 98. The screws can be turned in sufficiently to completely cut oflz the flow of gas through the ports 95 and 98 or may be adjusted so that any desired amount of gas may pass through these ports.

The upper end of the pipe section 14 is exteriorly machined and at its very end there is formed a threaded boss 106. A lateral port 107 extends through the machined portion of the pipe 14 and communicates directly with the port ,15. A T shaped member 108 in which the opposite ports have been machined is slippedv on over the machined end of the pipe 14. The T shaped member is formed with an internal annular recess 109 so that regardless of the particular position of the T shaped member 108 the gas entering the port 107 from the port 15 can always pass freely out through the third port of the T shaped member. The boss 106 is not a perfect circle in cross section but has a flattened face, and an annular washer 110 having a centrally disposed opening corresponding in configuration to that of the boss 106 is slipped over the boss, and finally a nut 111 is screwed into position on the boss -to retain the washer in position. Thus, it will be seen that while the pipe section 14 remains stationary, the T shaped member 108 is free to turn on the machined end of the pipe, while the washer 110 and boss 106 prevent the T shaped member from slipping oil the machined end of the pipe 14. By reason of the peculiar shape of the boss 106 and the opening'in the washer 110 there is no tendency for the washer to rotate as the T shaped member rotates so that once the nut 111 is screwed into position it will remain secure. A gas pipe 112 which is exteriorly threaded is screwed into the third port of the T shaped member 108 and leads to and communicates with the 'chamber 79 within the housing 78. If desired, an intermediate pipe section 113 may be interposed between the pipe 112 and housing 78 and may be wound once or more times around the air pipe 46 as is clearly illustrated in Figure 1. Thus, it will be seen that gas which is introduced through the supply pipe 12 passes through the bore 15, pipes 112, and 113, and into the gas chamber 7-9. Itvwill further be noticed that the machined faces of the T shaped member 108 and the end of the pipe 14 form a swivel connection.

The upper end of the housing 78 is yformed with a hbrizontally disposed flange 114 which extends la short distance out and over the pipes 13 and 99, and extending forwardly therefrom is an extension arm 115. A metal plate 116' is disposed directly ybeneath the flange 114 and arm115 and is suitably secured thereto, a sheet of asbestos or other heat resisting material 117 being interposed between before the plate is secured to the arm and flange. On the underside of the flange 114 there is lformed a boss 118 to whichis pivotallysecured at a pointnearer one end than the other, a relatively narrow strip of metal 119 the longer end of which `extends to and a short distance beyond th'e side of the flange 114, terminating at that end in an upwardly projecting portion 120 being lin substantially the' form of a semi-circle. Another metallic strip 121, grooved in form and wider at one end than at the other, is rigidly securedto the underside of the for; ward end of the extension arm 115 as at 122, while the rear or narrow end 'is pivotally connected to the short end of the metal strip 119 as at 123. The metal strip 121 is formed of a metal having a `suiicient co-eiicient of expansion so that when heated the metal will become extended to operate the ,mechanism described lt is apparent that as the forward end of the metal strip is rigidly secured to the extension arm 115' the expan sion can take place only in 'one direction,

which means that the vrear or narrow end of the strip will move as the metal'contracts and expands. As has already been Aexplained, this rear end of the metal strip is secured to the metallic strip 119 which in v turn is fulcrumed at 118 and any "movement of the strip 121 is consequently transmitted to the strip 119.` The pilot light13 which is directlyrbeneath the metal strip 121 is kept 1 burning continuously and consequently keeps the metal strip hot andrin expanded posi tion.

v A switch box 124 containing an electricl switch controlled by,a lever 125 is suspended ony a bracket 126 which is secured to the air pipe 46 and to the ygas pipe 112. The bracket 126 not only supports the switch box 124 but lends rigidity tothe entire structure. An extension arm 127 is soldered or otherwiseA secured at one' end to the lever 125, its opposite end terminating just shortof the flange 114. An adjustable screw 128 is mounted in an arm 129 which is formed integral with the flan e'114. The screw 128 can be so ad@ justed t at'its end and the upwardly projecting portion 120 of the metal strip. 119

'form' asupport for the extension-lever 127.

A weight 130 is positioned upon the exten sion lever 127 so that if the support is removed from beneath the end of the lever, the -weight will tend to throw the switch downward and to breakthe electrical conwhich in turn operates a motor, notshown.v

maintained in heate tact normally maintained in the switch for purposes which will be presently explained. The switch controls an electrical circuit The motor operates air and oil pumps, not shown, by means of which air and oil are pumped to the burner.

The operation of the ap aratus-is as follows: .The pilot 13 is kept urning continuously and consequently the metal strip 121 is condition l`'as long as the Aburner is lighted. `Consequently the strip is Anormally in expanded position and acts on the metal strip 119 to force the outer end having .the upwardly projecting por` tion 120` towards the screw 128 so that the Screw and the upwardly projecting portion 120 touch or nearly touch one another.v With the extension lever 127 supported between the projection 120 and the screw `128 the switch is in closed position and the motor (not shown) is maintained in operation whereby the air and oil pumps are kept operating continuously forcing the oil and air to the burner through the pipes 10 and 11 respectively. If, by accident, .the pilot light is blownV out or otherwise extinguished, the expansible metal strip 121 contracts and acts upon the strip 119 so as to pull'the portion 120 away from the screw 1,28 suliiciently to let theweighted lever 127 drop to throwolf the switch and break the electrical circuit, thereby stopping the operation of the motor andfthe pumps. Thereafter the burner cannot be put into operation again until the. pilot has been lighted and the lever arm 127 raised and placed in position upon the screw 128and the end 120 ofthe metal strip119. y

Assuming that the pilot is lighted and the thcrmostatie control is properly' adjusted the motor operates to work the oil and air pumps.

VOil-'is pumped in through the pipe 10 and through the piping which has already been described to the atomizing chamber 66 where fit is intermixed with the air which has been displaces the valve87 from the valve seat 86.

Thuscommunication is established between the chambers 79 and 80 and the gas which is,

supplied to-the chamber 79 is permitted to flow freely through the ports 85 to the chamber 80' and then through the rport 98, pi e 99 and out through the inclined port 101. ass- After the pumps have been started ing out through the inclined port 101 the gas p becomes ignited by the pilot lightl and a stream of flame `passes upwardly and ignites the atomized gaseous products which are being continuously forced under a slightV `pressure -fromrthe burner.

" A protective casing or shield 131 is lremovably secured to the flange 114 so as to providea protection for the pilot light and to prevent rom blowing out the light. The protectivecasing also ac'ts as a shield for the pipes 13-and 99.

Apparatus of preferred formand construc-` tion has been illustrated and described for the purpose of showin a way in which this invention may be practiced, but the inventive thought u onwhich this invention is based is broader t an the illustrative embodiment thereof and no limitations are intended other than those imposed by the appended claims.

What I claunis:

1. A11 oil burner comprising an outer air pipe, a relatively longer inner oil pipe formed near one end with a threaded annular flange having a plurality of air ports therein, a control nozzle having a centrally disposed orifice lair pipes and internally threaded at its-outer end, an annular flange inthe control nozzle near the` threaded end, `said flange being formed with ay plurality ofair ports and providing a central orifice cooperating with the oil nozzle for varying the amount of air initially supplied to atomize the oil discharged thru the oil nozzle, an externally tapered chambered member formed with a central orifice rand a flange and secured in the outer end of the control nozzle, said flange having a plurality of ports adapted to register with the ports in the flange of the control nozzle, and a threaded ring formed internally with a tapered face and mounted in the end of the 'ehambered member adjacent said ports to further atomize the partially atomized oil and air-"passin thru the orifice in the tapered chambere member.

V 3. An oil burner comprising an outer air pi an inner oil pipe formed with an externa y threaded annular flange near one end with a plurality of air ports extending through said'flan e, an exteriorly tapered oil ynozzle on the en of the oil pipe, a control nozzle having an internally threaded portion sdjustably mounted on the threaded flange of the il pi with one of its ends engaging the end of tliiia air pipe to form a continuation thereof, an internal annular flange near the other end ofthe nozzle forming a central orifice in axial alignment with the bore of the oil nozzle and adjustable with respect to said nozzle to permit' more or less air to mix with `-..'::.e;l with aplurality of ports for the discharge of such air as does not pass between the oil nozzle and the flange, and an internally tapered annular member inthe end of the control nozzle for directing the air escaping thru the ports in the flange against the partially atomized oil and air di.scharged thru the central orifice of the flange.

4. An oil burner comprising an inner oil pipe and an outer air pipe, an air control vnozzle adjustably mounted on said pipes, an

internal annular flange near one end of' said nozzle forming a centrally disposed orifice in axial alignment with the bore of the oil pipe, said flange having a plurality of ports extending therethru with an annular groove connecting said ports on the outer face of said flange, an externally tapered chambercd member having an annular flange at its base and a centrally disposed orifice in its top adapted to be seated on the outer face of the flange iu the control nozzle, the flange of the chambercd member having a plurality of ports with an annular groove connecting said ports and adapted to register with the groove in the face of the flange in the nozzle, and an inter- Bally tapered annular member disposed in the outer end of the control nozzle for directing air escaping thru the ports against the partially atomized oil and air discharged thru the orifice in the chambered member.

5. An oil burner comprising an inner oil supply pipe, an outer air supply pipe, the oil pipe extending beyond the end of the air pipe and having an external flange adjacent its eX- tremity, the flange having openings there through, an oil nozzle carried by the end of said oil pipe, and a control nozzle mounted on said oil pipe forengagement with said flange and receiving the end of the air pipe, the control nozzle having an internal flange with a centralopening in line with the oil nozzle and openings surrounding the central opening, the extremity of said nozzle ad'acent the flange therein constituting an outlet for the mixed oil and air.r

In Witness whereof' l have hereunto hand this 2nd day of A ril, 1925.

' CHA LES O. BECH.

set my 

